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《长城边界与华夏边缘 ——读《中国的亚洲内陆边疆》》
　　　　　The Boundary of the Great Wall and the Margins of Inland China： A Review of China’s Inland Frontiers in Asia
作　　者：夏晓莉
　　　　　中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院，北京 100081
出　　处：第32卷第1期
发表时间：0000-00-00
文　　摘：

摘要：长城作为军事工程的重要意义是广为认知的，但从民族学的视角研究，长城对理解中华民族的形成过程也有着重要意义。长城作为一个政治边界不仅仅具有军事防御的作用，从文化生态学和族群冲突理论的视角分析，长城作为草原与农耕社会的边界同时也具有族群边界的意义，对于游牧民族与华夏民族的形成过程都发挥了重大作用；同时由于长城边界形成的边缘地带具有双重性及流动性的特点，长城边界还具有外部分离和内部整合的作用，同时也是交流融合的地带。

关键词：中国的亚洲内陆边疆；长城；边界作用；中华民族发展
正　　文：

拉铁摩尔的著作《中国的亚洲内陆边疆》，通过对新疆、西藏、蒙古和满洲四个地区的论述，分析中国古代历史发展规律，将研究视角从中心转向边缘，使得边缘的视角开始成为认识历史发展规律的新途径。台湾学者王明珂先生的《华夏边缘：历史记忆与族群认同》一书， ……

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参考文献：

参考文献:
[1]脱脱,等.辽史·营卫志:卷三十二[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[2]欧文·拉铁摩尔,中国的亚洲内陆边疆[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2010.
[3]王明珂.华夏边缘:历史记忆与族群认同[M]北京:北京社会科学出版社,2006.
[4]巴菲尔德.危险的边疆:游牧帝国与中国[M].南京:江苏人民出版社 2012
[5]俞炜华,南文海.“400 mm等雨量线”、长城与农耕游牧民族的分界线.[J].上海交通大学学报:哲学社会科学版，2009(1):46-52.

本文由志愿者：【王泽晨 】收集整理上线。
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done in order for this to occur although.
While some choose to stay to natural methods of constructing muscle,
others turn to pharmaceuticals similar to anabolic androgenic steroids and insulin. Testosterone
is a hormone produced naturally by the body, primarily in the
testicles in males and adrenal glands in each males and females.
It plays a significant role in various bodily features, such as muscle growth, bone density, libido, and general well-being.
Bodybuilders often resort to exogenous testosterone, which is
artificial testosterone that is not produced by the body, to
spice up muscle growth and recovery. In addition, taking excessive doses of testosterone
can lead to several cardiovascular dangers.
These results stem from abnormally high testosterone levels in females,
potentially resulting in a gradual masculinization. Some professional female bodybuilders settle for these dangers for competitive success, however most women goal to keep away from them.
Proper therapeutic use and coping with unlawful misuse of anabolic steroids
require an interprofessional team effort.
In addressing illicit use, all members need to listen to the indicators of
steroid misuse and be prepared to counsel as needed to aim to resolve the difficulty.
In respectable therapeutic use, the clinician will prescribe an agent based mostly on clinical necessity for a selected
symptom or indication, and the pharmacist can verify acceptable dosing and examine for drug interactions.

One hypothesis for Anadrol's higher tolerance in women is that while it considerably boosts testosterone levels, it also substantially increases estrogen levels.

This steadiness between testosterone and estrogen appears crucial in stopping masculine bodily traits.

Oxymetholone, generally identified as Anadrol,
is an oral steroid and one of the most efficient for bulking that we've noticed.
Frequent perception holds that Anadrol just isn't perfect for girls because of its extreme side effects in males, a lot of which are androgenic.
Yet, each research and our expertise indicate that Anadrol doesn't have the same
androgenic impact on girls.
In Victoria, jail time for the same offence is as little as
one year. Laws across the possession and trafficking of steroids varies from state to state.
Very primary stuff—500 milligrams of testosterone,
four hundred of EQ [Equipoise], 50 of Anavar, and forty of clenbuterol.
– SERMs prevent estrogen from binding to receptors, whereas AIs decrease estrogen manufacturing.

Nevertheless, estrogen is significant for cardiovascular well being, so moderation is vital.
The dosage for these compounds varies, but it's advisable to begin with the bottom potential dose.
An increase in dosage ought to solely be thought-about if
the initial decrease dose does not yield the anticipated outcomes.

Ladies usually discover that a day by day consumption of
5–10 mg of Anavar for a period of 4-6 weeks is efficient.
It's essential to notice that exceeding 10 mg daily significantly raises the probabilities of
virilization. Some ladies have even achieved fascinating outcomes with as little
as 2.5 mg per day. According to Endocrine Society 2010 tips, testosterone levels should be measured halfway between injections of testosterone enanthate
or cypionate.
One such impact is its capacity to help with muscle protein synthesis, the method via
which the physique builds muscle. While several kinds of insulin exist,
bodybuilders virtually solely use short-acting varieties
because of their fast onset and brief period of motion. This type,
also called premixed insulin, contains a blend of long-acting and short-acting
insulin for more precise blood sugar control in sure folks with diabetes (1).
A wholesome range of blood sugar levels is 80–130 mg/dl before consuming
and 180 mg/dl or beneath inside 1–2 hours of a meal, based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) (5).
In a person who doesn’t have diabetes, insulin ranges rise
after a meal and progressively decrease until the following meal.

These embody human growth hormone and steroids with the least side effects, a broad class
referring to synthetic variations of human hormones, including testosterone.
Bodybuilders take high doses of testosterone to boost muscle progress and efficiency.
Testosterone is a hormone that promotes muscle protein synthesis, increases purple blood cell production, improves nitrogen retention within the
muscular tissues, and boosts overall energy and energy. By taking
excessive doses of testosterone, bodybuilders can accelerate muscle growth,
improve their training capability, and obtain a extra
muscular and sculpted physique.
Historically, the hegemonic understanding of the female body is weak and fragile
in contrast to men's which is each huge and strong. In addition, girls's look must
also seem pure (Goffman, 1977). When people are of the identical opinion, a general perception is formed that results
in the creation of beliefs.
Dianabol hits a consumer exhausting in the first six weeks as they see larger muscle
mass and decreased recovery instances. Bodybuilding well being and
threat factors have typically been studied in elite, AAS-using individuals,
which makes it tough to disentangle the effects of utmost weight coaching train from AAS use.
There is a few research evaluating differences
in cardiac risk surrogates between AAS-using versus pure
bodybuilders [84], however such research are relatively unusual and restricted by small sample measurement.
2.2.2, Thompson [31] and D’Andrea et al. [24] each report an analogous magnitude of cardiac hypertrophy in AAS consumer and non-user weightlifters and bodybuilders.
When it comes to strength sports activities, including bodybuilding,
powerlifting, and Olympic weightlifting, anabolic steroids are widely used to
extend muscle mass, power, and power output (5).
A steroid cycle is the period when you use anabolic steroids to succeed
in a selected objective. For bulking, cycles usually final 8 to 12 weeks and
contain a mixture of steroids to gain muscle mass and strength as shortly
as possible.

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Understanding who it’s acceptable for may help decrease threat and maximize
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Since this is an funding in your health, think about components such as the brand's popularity,
customer evaluations, and pricing. Apparently, a nicely known bodybuilder who additionally works in law enforcement has openly
used Stanozolol. Additionally, even a Mr. Olympia champion has publicly
acknowledged steroid use. This raises a debate about whether private use ought to be criminalized, suggesting that people ought to be free to choose what they put into
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Regardless Of this, stats have it that 54% of male bodybuilders
admitted regular steroid use, which is likely
nonetheless too low to symbolize top-level competitors.
Anavar has additionally been discovered to help folks suffering from anemia because it could improve the red blood cell rely.
Anavar was originally created to help individuals
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Expert cycles require cautious planning, bloodwork, and monitoring to make
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The downside to this cycle is that it contains two of essentially
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With this cycle, enhanced muscle features and fats loss shall be experienced; nonetheless, we also see unwanted effects
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